Indicators
Universal
Litmus
Phenol.
Methyl O.
Test Substances
Vinegar
Lemon
Water
Baking Soda
Soap
HCl
Unknown X
pH Scale
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Strong Acid
Neutral
Strong Base
pH Reading
-.-
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Observation Table
Substance
Universal
Litmus
Phenolphthalein
Methyl Orange
pH
Nature
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1. Select a clean test tube from the rack
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Helpful Hints
Acids:
pH < 7, turn litmus red, universal indicator red/orange/yellow
Bases:
pH > 7, turn litmus blue, phenolphthalein pink
Neutral:
pH = 7, universal indicator green
Strong acids:
pH 1-3 (HCl, lemon juice)
Weak acids:
pH 4-6 (vinegar)
Weak bases:
pH 8-10 (baking soda, soap)
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