{source}

<?php 
require_once JPATH_SITE.'/TTcustom/TT_contentparser.php';
\(parameters = array("topicname" => "physicaleducation",
 "modelname" => "ejss_model_projectileESS");

echo generateSimHTML(\)parameters, "EJSS");
?>
{/source}

Source 1: "Exercise and sports projectile JavaScript HTML5 Applet Simulation Model - Open Educational Resources / Open Source Physics @ Singapore | Open Educational Resources / Open Source Physics @ Singapore"

This source provides a description of a specific simulation model available on the "Open Educational Resources / Open Source Physics @ Singapore" website.

Main Themes and Important Ideas/Facts:

• Simulation Purpose: The primary goal of the applet is educational, aiming "to allow students to explore and learn about the relationships between height, angle and velocity at release when projecting an implement." It is specifically designed for Physical & Sports Education.
• Applied Scenario: The simulation uses the relatable scenario of "An individual kicking a football from one end (start) of the field towards the other end (end)." This context helps students visualize the abstract concepts of projectile motion.
• User-Controllable Variables: The model allows students to actively engage with the principles of projectile motion by manipulating key variables:
• Projectile angle at release (variable 2): Adjustable from 0 to 90 degrees.
• Projectile height at release (variable 1): Adjustable from 0 to 2 meters.
• Fixed Variable: The simulation maintains a constant "projectile velocity release (fixed) being a constant at: 40m/s." This allows students to isolate the impact of changing launch angle and height.
• Key Objects in the Simulation: The simulation includes recognizable elements from a football game:
• "The goalkeeper as the performer (Person)"
• "Football as the implement for projection"
• "Football Field as the area for projection"
• Simulation Outcome: The applet visually presents the results of the chosen parameters: "For each scenario determined by the set values of the variables, students should be able to observe and compare the trajectories of a projected football on a height-distance graph." This visual feedback is crucial for understanding the relationship between input variables and the resulting trajectory.
• Possible Learning Questions: The resource suggests questions to guide student exploration, including:
• "State the projection angle at release that will allow a goalkeeper to kick the ball from the ground to achieve a maximum distance." This encourages students to experiment with the angle variable to find optimal results.
• Learning Outcome: The overarching learning objective is for students to "Describe how projectile motion can influence performance," specifically in relation to "height of release, angle of release, velocity of release," and the resulting "flight path (trajectory)."
• Underlying Concepts/Topics: The simulation directly addresses the core concepts of "Projectile Motion," breaking it down into its key components: "Height at release," "Angle of release," and "Velocity at release."
• Embeddable Model: The resource provides an <iframe> code snippet, indicating that the simulation "Embed this model in a webpage," making it easily integratable into online learning environments.
• Open Educational Resource: The website title and the Creative Commons license at the bottom ("Contents are licensed Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 Singapore License") clearly indicate that this is an open educational resource, encouraging sharing and adaptation.
• Links to Other Resources: The page includes a lengthy list of other interactive simulations and resources available on the platform, showcasing the breadth of the Open Source Physics @ Singapore project. This suggests a larger ecosystem of educational tools.
• Credits and Contact: The email address provided ("This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.") indicates a point of contact for the developers or maintainers of the resource.

Source 2: "Projectile Motion Model for Exercise Sports Science"

This source appears to be a separate document or a more direct description of a similar or the same projectile motion model.

Main Themes and Important Ideas/Facts:

• Title and Focus: The title explicitly links the model to "Exercise Sports Science," reinforcing its application in this specific field of study.
• Author and Licensing: The email address ("This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.") is provided as the contact for the author. It explicitly states "© 2020, creative common attribution. Compiled with EJS 6.0 (191124) Released under a license," confirming the open nature of the resource and the software used for its development (Easy Java/JavaScript Simulations - EJS).

Synthesis of Both Sources:

Both sources describe an open educational resource, likely the same interactive simulation, designed to teach students about projectile motion in the context of exercise and sports. The football kick scenario provides a practical and engaging application of physics principles. The simulation allows students to manipulate launch angle and height while keeping initial velocity constant, enabling them to observe and understand the impact of these variables on the trajectory of the projectile. The visual output on a height-distance graph facilitates comprehension of the concepts. The resource is intended for both student exploration and as a teaching tool, with suggested learning outcomes and possible questions provided. The use of JavaScript and HTML5 makes the simulation accessible through web browsers without the need for additional plugins, and the embed code facilitates its integration into online learning platforms. The Creative Commons licensing encourages the sharing and adaptation of this educational material.

Key Takeaway:

This projectile motion simulation is a valuable open educational resource for teaching and learning about the physics of sports. Its interactive nature, relatable scenario, and clear learning objectives make it a potentially effective tool for engaging students with the concepts of launch angle, height, velocity, and trajectory.

Projectile Motion in Exercise and Sports: A Study Guide

Key Concepts

• Projectile Motion: The motion of an object thrown or projected into the air, subject to only the acceleration of gravity.
• Trajectory: The path followed by a projectile through the air.
• Angle of Release: The angle at which a projectile is launched relative to the horizontal.
• Height of Release: The vertical height above the ground from which a projectile is launched.
• Velocity of Release: The initial speed and direction of a projectile at the moment of release.
• Range (Horizontal Distance): The total horizontal distance traveled by a projectile before returning to the launch height (or another reference point).
• Maximum Height: The highest vertical point reached by a projectile during its flight.

Quiz

1. Briefly define projectile motion and identify the primary force acting upon a projectile once it is released.
2. According to the simulation model, what are the two variables that students can manipulate to explore projectile motion in the context of kicking a football? What parameter remains fixed?
3. Explain how increasing the angle of release (from a very small angle up to 45 degrees) generally affects the horizontal range of a projectile launched from the ground, assuming a constant release velocity.
4. Describe how the height of release influences the overall trajectory and potential range of a projectile, assuming the same angle and velocity of release.
5. What is the simulation's aim in the context of a goalkeeper kicking a football, and what relationships are students expected to explore?
6. State the projection angle at release that the simulation suggests would allow a goalkeeper kicking from the ground to achieve maximum horizontal distance.
7. Explain, in terms of projectile motion concepts, why a javelin thrower might release the javelin at an angle slightly less than 45 degrees to achieve maximum range.
8. How does the simulation allow students to observe the outcome of different release parameters, and what type of graph is used for visualization?
9. Based on the learning outcome provided, identify the three key factors related to projectile motion that can influence sports performance.
10. What real-world sport is used as the applied scenario in the provided simulation model to illustrate projectile motion?

Answer Key

1. Projectile motion is the movement of an object through the air that is only under the influence of gravity. Once a projectile is released, the primary force acting upon it (neglecting air resistance) is gravity.
2. Students can change the projectile angle at release (0 to 90°) and the projectile height at release (0 to 2m). The projectile velocity release is fixed at 40m/s.
3. Generally, increasing the angle of release from a very small angle up to 45 degrees will increase the horizontal range of a projectile launched from the ground, assuming a constant release velocity. Angles greater than 45 degrees will start to decrease the range.
4. Increasing the height of release generally increases the total time the projectile is in the air and, consequently, can lead to a greater horizontal range, assuming the same angle and velocity of release. The trajectory will also start from a higher vertical position.
5. The simulation aims to allow students to explore and learn about the relationships between height, angle, and velocity at release when projecting an implement, specifically a football kicked by a goalkeeper.
6. The simulation suggests that a projection angle at release of 45 degrees will allow a goalkeeper kicking the ball from the ground to achieve a maximum horizontal distance.
7. A javelin thrower might release the javelin at an angle slightly less than 45 degrees because the height of release is significantly above the ground. The added height allows for a longer flight time and potentially greater range at a slightly lower launch angle.
8. For each scenario determined by the set values of the release angle and height, students can observe and compare the trajectories of the projected football on a height-distance graph.
9. The three key factors related to projectile motion that can influence sports performance are height of release, angle of release, and velocity of release.
10. The real-world sport used as the applied scenario in the simulation model is football (soccer), specifically a goalkeeper kicking the ball.

Essay Format Questions

1. Discuss the interplay between the angle of release and the velocity of release in determining the horizontal range of a projectile launched from ground level. How does the optimal angle change if air resistance is considered?
2. Explain how athletes in different sports (e.g., basketball, shot put, baseball pitching) manipulate the height, angle, and velocity of release to optimize their performance based on the principles of projectile motion.
3. Analyze the limitations of the provided simulation model in accurately representing real-world projectile motion in sports. What factors are not included, and how might these factors affect the actual trajectory of a projectile?
4. Consider a scenario where a football is kicked with the same initial velocity but at two different angles: 30 degrees and 60 degrees. Compare and contrast the resulting trajectories in terms of range, maximum height, and time of flight, explaining your reasoning based on projectile motion principles.
5. Evaluate the importance of understanding projectile motion for coaches and athletes in improving performance in various sports involving throwing, kicking, or jumping. Provide specific examples to support your argument.

Glossary of Key Terms

• Projectile: An object propelled through the air by an applied force and thereafter subject only to the forces of gravity and air resistance (though the model simplifies by neglecting air resistance).
• Motion: The act or process of moving or being moved. In physics, it is typically described in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
• Simulation: A model or representation of a real-world system or process, used to study its behavior and outcomes under different conditions.
• Velocity: A vector quantity that describes the rate of change of an object's position with respect to time, including both speed and direction.
• Acceleration due to Gravity (g): The constant acceleration experienced by objects falling freely near the Earth's surface, approximately 9.8 m/s² downwards.
• Implement: A tool or piece of equipment used in a particular activity or sport, such as a football or a javelin.
• Trajectory: The curved path that a projectile follows through the air. It is determined by the initial velocity, launch angle, and the force of gravity.
• Horizontal Range: The total distance a projectile travels horizontally before returning to its initial vertical height.
• Vertical Height: The distance of a projectile above a reference point, typically the ground or the height of release.
• Open Educational Resources (OER): Teaching, learning, and research materials that are freely available for everyone to use, adapt, and share.

ESS Concept for Simulations

For Teachers

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Research

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Video

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Version

https://weelookang.blogspot.com/2020/01/exercise-and-sports-projectile.html

Other Resources

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